What is Hydrogen Peroxide?
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a chemical compound composed of two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms. It is a pale blue liquid that is slightly more viscous than water. Hydrogen peroxide is a powerful oxidising agent and is commonly used as a disinfectant, antiseptic, and bleaching agent.
What is Hydrogen Peroxide used for?
Hydrogen peroxide is used for various purposes due to its properties as a disinfectant, antiseptic, and oxidising agent. Here are some common uses of hydrogen peroxide:
- Disinfectant and antiseptic: Hydrogen peroxide is commonly used to clean wounds and prevent infection. It can help kill bacteria, viruses, and fungi on the skin's surface
- Cleaning agent: Hydrogen peroxide is an effective cleaner for surfaces in homes, hospitals, and other settings. It can be used to sanitise countertops, cutting boards, bathroom fixtures, and other surfaces
- Teeth whitening: Hydrogen peroxide is often found in teeth whitening products. It can help remove stains from the teeth and lighten their appearance
- Hair bleaching: Hydrogen peroxide is used in hair bleaching products to lighten the colour of hair. It helps break down the melanin pigment in the hair, resulting in a lighter shade
- Stain Remover: Hydrogen peroxide can be added to laundry to help remove stains and brighten whites. It acts as a bleach alternative and can be effective against certain types of stains
- Horticulture: Hydrogen peroxide can be used in gardening and horticulture to promote healthy plant growth. It can help oxygenate the soil and prevent root rot
- Pool and spa treatment: Hydrogen peroxide is sometimes used as an alternative to chlorine in swimming pools and spas. It can help control bacteria and algae growth
- Laboratory applications: Hydrogen peroxide is used in various laboratory procedures, such as DNA analysis and protein assays. It can be used to clean equipment and surfaces in the lab.
Why is Hydrogen Peroxide sold in different strengths?
Hydrogen peroxide is sold in different strengths to accommodate various applications and ensure safety. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide refers to the amount of hydrogen peroxide present in a solution, typically measured as a percentage.
The most commonly available strengths of hydrogen peroxide are 3%, 6%, 9% and 12%, although higher concentrations can also be found for industrial or specialised uses. Here's why different strengths are used:
- Safety: Higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide are more reactive and can pose greater risks if mishandled or misused. Lower concentrations, such as 3%, are generally considered safer for household use and personal care applications
- Effectiveness: The strength of hydrogen peroxide can influence its effectiveness in different applications. For instance, higher concentrations may be needed for more stubborn stains or tougher cleaning tasks. In medical and healthcare settings, stronger concentrations may be used for disinfection purposes
- Stability: Hydrogen peroxide can break down over time, especially when exposed to heat, light, or contaminants. Higher concentrations tend to be less stable and have shorter shelf lives. Lower concentrations, such as 3%, are often stabilized to prolong their shelf life.
